Noticias de suicidio en canales de televisión peruanos: evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS para su notificación / Suicide news on peruvian television channels: evaluation of compliance with WHO's reporting recommendations

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas por canales de la televisión peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron las noticias de suicidio emitidas por ocho canales de televisión peruana durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las noticias se clasificaron en tres categorías: noticias sobre suicidio, intento de suicidio y prevención del suicidio. Se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación compuesto por las recomendaciones de la OMS. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 126 noticias. Ninguna de estas noticias cumplió en su totalidad con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Las noticias sobre suicidio o intento de suicidio cumplieron con 4 de 13 recomendaciones, siendo la recomendación más acatada la de evitar publicar notas suicidas (97,4%), mientras que la menos cumplida fue la de instruir a la población sobre el suicidio y su prevención, y no difundir mitos (0,9%). Las noticias de prevención de suicidio cumplieron 5 de 7 recomendaciones. Conclusiones. Las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas en la televisión peruana en los años 2020 y 2021 mostraron un bajo cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la OMS. Los profesionales de la comunicación tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención del suicidio, limitando la información sensible y difundiendo información de ayuda. Es fundamental el conocimiento de estas recomendaciones por los comunicadores, y el trabajo conjunto entre el equipo periodístico y los profesionales de la salud mental en la comunicación de noticias relacionadas con el suicidio.

Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide.

Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Association with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors

Introduction: Overweight and obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and is a growing public health concern. The increase in prevalence and severity of obesity among children and adolescents has been attributed largely to behavioral factors such as changing eating habits and sedentary lifestyles. Objective: To determine prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity among adolescents and its association with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area under the Community Medicine Department of LLRM Medical College, Meerut, among 872 adolescents. All localities in the field area were covered and house to house survey was done. Questions were asked about eating patterns, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Data was collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.43, 6.88%, respectively. Obesity was significantly higher among females, those who indulged in unhealthy eating habits were physically inactive, watched television for a longer duration and ate junk while watching television. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that high junk food consumption and a sedentary lifestyle were found to be significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. As a result, timely interventions should be taken to improve awareness about healthy lifestyle behavior to prevent obesity and its complications among adolescents.

Evaluación de las características nutricionales de alimentos y bebidas procesados publicitados en medios televisivos de Perú, 2021

El objetivo fue describir las características y el perfil nutricional de los alimentos y bebidas procesados publicitados durante el horario de protección al menor (6 am a 10 pm, según la regulación peruana) los dos canales de mayor audiencia de la televisión peruana. En este estudio transversal se grabaron 448 horas de contenido televisivo de 14 días aleatorios de 6:00 am a 10:00 pm, entre enero y febrero del 2021, donde se identificaron 2061 anuncios de alimentos y bebidas procesados. Entre 2:00 pm y 6:00 pm (33,9%) hubo mayor publicidad de alimentos. Las categorías más publicitadas fueron bebidas (41,7%) y confitería (17,8%). El 46,9% de alimentos superó al menos uno de los parámetros técnicos (azúcar total, grasas saturadas o sodio) de la primera etapa de la ley peruana y el 88,4% lo haría en la segunda etapa. La mayoría de alimentos y bebidas publicitados fueron procesados y superaban los parámetros de nutrientes críticos.

The objective was to describe the characteristics and nutritional profile of processed foods and beverages advertised during child protection hours (6 am to 10 pm, according to Peruvian regulations) on the two channels with the largest audience on Peruvian television. In this cross-sectional study, 448 hours of television content on 14 random days from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm between January and February 2021 were recorded and 2061 advertisements for processed foods and beverages were identified. The time frame with the most publicity for these foods was between 2:00 pm. and 6:00 pm. (33,9%). The most advertised categories were beverages (41,7%) and confectionery (17,8%). 46,9% of foods exceeded at least one of the technical parameters evaluated in the first stage of the Peruvian law (total sugar, saturated fat, or sodium) and 88,4% would do so in the second stage. The majority of advertised foods and beverages were processed, and most of these exceed critical nutrient parameters.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Electronic Waste (e-waste) Management Among Users of Electronic Equipments Living in Lucknow City

Background: Contemporary society has led to the increasing use of electronic equipment that is very much responsible for the burden of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contains very hazardous substance that harms health and environmental conditions. There is no delicate mechanism for the management of e-waste in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh. This study assessed knowledge, practice, and awareness of e-waste management among residents of this city. Material and methods: The study was conducted amongst users of electronic equipment living in the Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Multi-stage random sampling was done for the selection of participants for the study. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was administered in a single setting for all phases. The total optimum sample size is 700 individuals who participated in the study. Data were entered in MS Excel 2016 and descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were calculated, applying the chi-square test for association using R-4.2.1 Statistical software. Aim and objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the management of electronic waste among users of electronic equipment residing in Lucknow city. Results: Only 37% of users are aware that e-waste adversely affects health. Only 34.3% of users knew that e-waste should be given to the seller or manufacturer for recycling while rest told that it should be stored at home, sold to a scrap dealer, or disposed with normal waste. 87.3% users are not aware about e-waste govt guidelines. In the current study electronic and print media like television, radio and news paper were not found to be source of information for e-waste disposal. Conclusion: Education regarding the ill effects of e-waste is essential for people and awareness of proper disposal of e-waste is the need of the hour. Electronic and print media as well as companies producing electronic equipment should play a significant role to awaken the respondent about the disposal of e-waste

Saúde mental de idosos: uma análise da série Unidade Básica (2016) / Mental health of older adults: an analysis of the series Unidade Básica(2016) / Salud mental del las personas mayores: un análisis de la serie Unidade Básica (2016)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar dois episódios da primeira temporada da Unidade Básica (2016), a fim de identificar sentidos sobre a saúde mental de idosos. Esta série televisiva foi divulgada pela Universal Channel e escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito e Ana Petta. Apenas dois episódios compõem o corpus desta pesquisa; os outros foram desconsiderados por não abordarem o tema. O primeiro trata de Vilma, uma idosa que abandonou o autocuidado por causa da depressão, e o quarto fala sobre Eraldo, um idoso que ficou depressivo em razão de problemas financeiros, amorosos e alcoólicos. A análise de narrativas será utilizada como metodologia, possibilitando a identificação e a interpretação crítica dos sentidos sobre idosos e saúde mental. De forma geral, os resultados revelaram que os episódios não seguem uma visão holística, desconsiderando, portanto, a necessidade de cuidar da saúde física e mental das pessoas idosas para lhes proporcionar bem-estar.

This article aims to analyze two episodes of the first season of Unidade Básica (2016) in order to identify meanings about the mental health of older adults. This series was broadcast by Universal Channel and written by Helena Petta, Newton Cannito and Ana Petta. Only two episodes compose the corpus of this research; the others were disregarded because they do not deal with the theme. The first episode narrated the story of Vilma, an older woman who was depressed and then abandoned self-care. The fourth episode was about Eraldo, an older man who became depressed due to his financial, love and alcoholic problems. The narrative analysis was used as a methodology, enabling the identification and critical interpretation of meanings about older people and mental health. In general, the results reveal that the episodes do not follow a holistic view, disregarding the need to take care of physical and mental health to provide the well-being of them.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos episodios de la primera temporada de Unidade Básica(2016) con el fin de identificar significados sobre la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Esta serie fue transmitida por Universal Channel y escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito y Ana Petta. Sólo dos episodios constituyen el corpus de esta investigación; los demás fueron descartados por no retratar el tema. El primer episodio narra la historia de Vilma, una mujer la tercera edad que abandonó el autocuidado a causa de su estado de depresión. El cuarto episodio fue sobre Eraldo, un hombre también de la tercera edad, que se deprimió por problemas económicos, amorosos y alcohólicos. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis narrativo, que permitió la identificación e interpretación crítica de significados sobre las personas mayores y la salud mental. En general, los resultados revelan que los dos episodios no siguen una visión holística, desconociendo la necesidad de cuidar de la salud física y mental para proporcionar bienestar a las personas mayores.

Mediating effect of eating pattern on the relationship between television exposure and caries in children

Abstract Behavioral characteristics may also take part in the etiology of dental caries. Sedentary behavior, especially watching television, is associated with increased intake of foods high in fat or free sugar, which could influence the occurrence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the mediating effect of eating pattern on the relationship between television exposure time and the presence of dental caries in children. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 580 parent-child dyads with children aged 7 to 8 years in 20 public schools in Pelotas, Brazil. Parents or legal guardians were interviewed and provided information on demographic/socioeconomic data, children's daily television exposure time, and answered the Biological Rhythms Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry for Kids (BRIAN-K-eating pattern domain). Caries was evaluated through clinical examination. The mediating effect of eating pattern on the relationship between television exposure and presence of dental caries was estimated using the parametric g-formula. Prevalence of dental caries was 63%, and 22% of children watched TV 4 or more hours per day. Television exposure had no direct effect on the dental caries experience [odds ratio (OR): 1.05 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.92-1.19)]. Nevertheless, difficulty maintaining regular eating pattern mediated the natural indirect effect of television exposure time (≥ 4 hours/day) on dental caries experience [OR: 1.07 (95%CI): 1.01-1.14)]. The results of this study confirm the indirect pathway between television viewing and dental caries and the role of disordered eating patterns in this association.

El cuidado y la mujer-cuidadora: su construcción televisiva en los programas de salud en Colombia / Care and the woman-caregiver: its television construction in health shows in Colombia / O cuidado e a mulher-cuidadora: sua construção televisiva nos programas de saúde na Colômbia

Resumen Introducción: La televisión ha tenido (y lo sigue haciendo) un papel importante en la construcción de sentidos en torno a la salud y el cuidado. Cada vez surgen más programas televisivos que, desde sus diferentes formatos (telenovelas, noticieros, magazines, etcétera), abordan desde diversos ángulos y narrativas la relación entre ambos conceptos. Objetivo: develar cómo la televisión colombiana por medio de algunos programas enfocados en la salud representa el cuidado. Metodología: fue cualitativa de alcance exploratorio. Se realizó un análisis textual de 68 episodios de tres programas de televisión colombianos entre 2013 y 2014 y se entrevistaron a 10 productores de contenidos audiovisuales en salud. Resultados: estos evidenciaron que dichos programas sitúan el cuidado en el marco de la prevención de la enfermedad y la promoción de la salud, contexto en el cual la mujer "ama de casa" juega un papel central debido a que es la "receptora natural" de los contenidos audiovisuales. No obstante, mientras los programas de salud responsabilizan a las mujeres del cuidado propio y de los demás, al mismo tiempo deslegitiman su conocimiento frente al saber técnico especializado de los profesionales de la salud biomédica. Conclusión: los productores y los mensajes televisivos reproducen y naturalizan la feminización del cuidado.

Abstract Introduction: Television has played (and continues to play) an important role in the production of meanings around health and care. More and more television programs are emerging that, from their different formats (soap operas, newscasts, magazines, etc.), address the relationship between both concepts from different angles and narratives. Objective: to reveal how, through some programs focused on health, Colombian television represents care. Methodology: Qualitative with an exploratory scope. A textual analysis of 68 episodes of three Colombian television programs between 2013 and 2014 was carried out and 10 producers of audiovisual health content were interviewed. Results: these shows demonstrated that such programs place care within the framework of disease prevention and health promotion, a context in which the "housewife" woman plays a central role because she is the "natural recipient" of the audiovisual content. However, while health programs make women responsible for the care of themselves and others, at the same time they delegitimize their knowledge in the face of the specialized technical knowledge of biomedical health professionals. Conclusion: producers and television messages reproduce and naturalize the feminization of care.

Resumo Introdução: A televisão tem tido (e o segue fazendo) um papel importante na construção de sentidos no âmbito à saúde e o cuidado. Cada vez surgem mais programas televisão que, desde seus diferentes formatos (telenovelas, tv jornais, magazines, etc.), abordam desde diversos ângulos e narrativas a relação entre ambos conceitos. Objetivo: debelar como a televisão colombiana por meio de alguns programas enfocados na saúde representa o cuidado. Metodologia: foi qualitativa de alcance exploratório. Realizou-se uma análise textual de 68 episódios de três programas de televisão colombianos entre 2013 e 2014 e se entrevistaram a 10 produtores de conteúdos audiovisuais em saúde. Resultados: estes evidenciaram que ditos programas situam o cuidado no marco da prevenção da doença e a promoção da saudade, contexto no qual a mulher "dona de casa" joga um papel central devido a que é a "receptora natural" dos conteúdos audiovisuais. Não obstante, em quanto os programas de saúde responsabilizam às mulheres do cuidado próprio e dos outros, ao mesmo tempo deslegitimam seu conhecimento frente ao saber técnico especializado dos professionais da saúde biomédica. Conclusão: os produtores e as mensagens da televisão reproduzem e naturalizam a feminização do cuidado.

Consumption of ultraprocessed foods and screen exposure of preschoolers living in a region of high social vulnerability in São Paulo, Brazil / Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e exposição a telas de pré-escolares residentes em região de alta vulnerabilidade social em São Paulo, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: There is a worldwide increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods, including among preschoolers. The screen exposure time demands attention to the consequences of this habit. Studies on the consumption of ultra-processed and the screen exposure time are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of consumption of soft drinks, industrialized juice, sweets, and fast foods and the screen exposure time of preschoolers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 218 children (mean age 2.5±0.9 years), attending a Non-Governmental Organization, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using a semi-structured form filled out by the person responsible for the preschoolers. Social and environmental data, food frequency consumption, and exposure to screens were systematized to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS: More than 30.0% of children consume sugar-sweetened beverages more than once a week, 35.8% consume sweets daily and 42.7% consume fast foods monthly. Half of the preschoolers are exposed to distractions at mealtime and 70.0% have a contact for more than an hour/day. Screen exposure time was significantly related (p<0.0001) to children's age, consumption of soft drinks, and frozen foods. CONCLUSION: Among preschoolers, there is a high exposure to ultra-processed foods and screens, the latter associated with the consumption of soft drinks and frozen foods. This information reinforces the need for careful look and actions directed at families with preschoolers and residents of socially vulnerable regions.

INTRODUÇÃO: Há, a nível mundial, um aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, inclusive entre crianças pré-escolares. O tempo de exposição a telas demanda atenção quanto às consequências desse hábito. Estudos sobre o consumo de ultraprocessados e o tempo de exposição a telas são escassos na literatura. OBJETIVO: Analisar a frequência de consumo de refrigerantes, suco industrializado, doces e alimentos fast food e o tempo de exposição a telas de pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com 218 crianças (idade média 2,5±0,9 anos), frequentadoras de uma Organização Não Governamental, no município de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de um formulário semiestruturado preenchido pelos responsáveis dos pré-escolares. Dados socioambientais, de frequência alimentar e de exposição a telas foram sistematizados para a realização das análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Mais de 30,0% das crianças consomem bebidas açucaradas mais de uma vez por semana, 35,8% consomem doces diariamente e 42,7% alimentos fast food com frequência mensal. Metade dos pré-escolares é exposto a distrações no momento das refeições e 70,0% tem contato por mais de uma hora/dia. O tempo de exposição a telas teve relação significativa (p<0,0001) com a idade das crianças e o consumo de refrigerantes e de alimentos congelados. CONCLUSÃO: Há entre os pré-escolares alta exposição à alimentos ultraprocessados e a telas, esse último associado com o consumo de refrigerantes e congelados. Essa informação reforça a necessidade de um olhar cuidadoso e ações direcionadas a famílias com pré-escolares e residentes de regiões vulneráveis socialmente.

Jogos olímpicos. Imagens, rituais e representações na era digital / Olympic games. Images, rituals and representations in the digital age / Juegos olímpicos. Imágenes, rituales y representaciones en la edad digital

Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as imagens da televisão argentina na cobertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000. O corpus é a transmissão pelo canal argentino T&C Sports da cerimônia final dos Jogos Olímpicos. Este trabalho buscou, através da análise qualitativa da informação televisiva na cerimônia de encerramento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000, buscar analisar a construção do evento global e as referências globais e locais. Descrevemos as etapas da cerimônia de encerramento das Olimpíadas de Sydney 2000, destacando a cobertura televisiva dos rituais olímpicos, discursos institucionais, comemorações, representações, os ícones da Austrália e o show e festa (AU)

This work is a study on the images of Argentine television in the coverage of the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. The corpus is the transmission of T&C Sports of the final ceremony of the Olympic Games. This work sought, through the qualitative analysis of television information at the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, to analyze the construction of the global event and the global and local references. We describe the stages of the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympics, highlighting television coverage of Olympic rituals, institutional speeches, celebrations, performances, Australian icons, and the show and party. The ceremony was a mix of Olympic rituals, speeches, parties, and shows (AU)

Este trabajo es un estudio sobre las imágenes de la televisión argentina en la cobertura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000. El corpus es la transmisión de T&C Sports de la ceremonia final de los Juegos Olímpicos. Este trabajo buscó, a través del análisis cualitativo de la información televisiva en la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000, analizar la construcción del evento global y las referencias globales y locales. Describimos las etapas de la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000, destacando la cobertura televisiva de rituales olímpicos, discursos institucionales, celebraciones, actuaciones, íconos australianos y el espectáculo y la fiesta. La ceremonia fue una mezcla de rituales olímpicos, discursos, fiestas y espectáculos (AU).

Jogos olímpicos. Imagens, rituais e representações na era digital / Juegos olímpicos. Imágenes, rituales y representaciones en la edad digital / Olympic games. Images, rituals and representations in the digital age

Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as imagens da televisão argentina na cobertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000. O corpus é a transmissão pelo canal argentino T&C Sports da cerimônia final dos Jogos Olímpicos. Este trabalho buscou, através da análise qualitativa da informação televisiva na cerimônia de encerramento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000, buscar analisar a construção do evento global e as referências globais e locais. Descrevemos as etapas da cerimônia de encerramento das Olimpíadas de Sydney 2000, destacando a cobertura televisiva dos rituais olímpicos, discursos institucionais, comemorações, representações, os ícones da Austrália e o show e festa.

Este trabajo es un estudio sobre las imágenes de la televisión argentina en la cobertura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000. El corpus es la transmisión de T&C Sports de la ceremonia final de los Juegos Olímpicos. Este trabajo buscó, a través del análisis cualitativo de la información televisiva en la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000, analizar la construcción del evento global y las referencias globales y locales.Describimos las etapas de la ceremonia de clausura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sídney 2000, destacando la cobertura televisiva de rituales olímpicos, discursos institucionales, celebraciones, actuaciones, íconos australianos y el espectáculo y la fiesta. La ceremonia fue una mezcla de rituales olímpicos, discursos, fiestas y espectáculos.

This work is a study on the images of Argentine television in the coverage of the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000. The corpus is the transmission of T&C Sports of the final ceremony of the Olympic Games. This work sought, through the qualitative analysis of television information at the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, to analyze the construction of the global event and the global and local references. We describe the stages of the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympics, highlighting television coverage of Olympic rituals, institutional speeches, celebrations, performances, Australian icons, and the show and party. The ceremony was a mix of Olympic rituals, speeches, parties, and shows.

Early childhood screen time and psychopathology in a Portuguese Sample / Tempo de tela na Primeira Infância e psicopatologia numa amostra portuguesa / Tiempo de pantalla en la primera infancia y psicopatologia en una muestra portuguesa

Objective: To characterize the habits of screen exposure time in a sample of infants and preschoolers and to assess if there is a relationship between the proportion of early childhood excessive screen exposure time and the presence of psychopathology and parental concerns. Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted with 38 infants and preschoolers in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric outpatient unit and children followed exclusively in Primary Health Care in the same geographic area (Vila Nova de Gaia/ Espinho Hospital Center). Information was collected from a self-report questionnaire filled by the caregiver between October 1st, 2018, and June 30th, 2019. Results: Screen time was analyzed and organized in two groups: the H group (screen time higher than recommended) and R group (within the recommended), according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. The need for referral to a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry appointment and the presence of parental behavior concerns related to behavior changes during early childhood are significantly associated with screen time, with a greater proportion within the H group (71.8% (n=15) vs. 31.3% (n=6), p=0.006 for the appointment and 61.1% (n=13) vs. 25% (n=4), p=0.032 for behavior concerns). There is also a tendency towards a higher percentage of overweight/obesity, sleep and food-related concerns in the H group. Only 45% of the total sample fulfilled the recommendations regarding screen exposure (p value ≤0.05). Conclusion: The study found an association between screen exposure time above the recommended and presence of psychopathology and parental concern for behavioral changes. These findings were statistically significant

Objetivo: Pretende-se caracterizar os hábitos de exposição e tempo de tela numa amostra de crianças da primeira infância para avaliar a relação entre a exposição excessiva e a presença de psicopatologia e preocupações parentais. Métodos: Tratase de um estudo de coorte transversal realizado com 38 crianças da primeira infância da Consulta Externa de Psiquiatria da Infância e Adolescência e crianças acompanhadas exclusivamente em consulta de Cuidados de Saúde Primários da área de referência do Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal. Recolheu-se a informação através do preenchimento de um questionário pelo cuidador, entre 1 de Outubro de 2018 e 30 de Junho de 2019. Resultados: Analisou-se o tempo de tela, definindo-se dois grupos: H ­ tempo de tela superior ao recomendado; R ­ tempo de tela dentro do recomendado pela Academia Americana de Pediatria. A necessidade de acompanhamento em consulta de Pedopsiquiatria e as preocupações parentais relativas a alterações de comportamento estão significativamente associadas com o tempo de tela, com maior proporção no grupo H (71,8%(n=15) vs. 31.3%(n=6), p=0.006 para a consulta de Pedopsiquiatria e 61.1%(n=13) vs. 25%(n=4), p=0.032 para preocupações parentais). Existe ainda uma tendência a uma percentagem mais significativa de excesso de peso/obesidade, problemas de sono e alimentares no grupo H. Apenas 45% do total cumpriu as recomendações relativas ao tempo de tela (valor de p≤0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou associação entre o tempo de tela superior ao recomendado e presença de psicopatologia, assim como preocupações parentais com alterações de comportamento. Estes resultados apresentam significância estatística.

Objetivo: Se pretende caracterizar los hábitos de exposición y tiempo de pantalla en una muestra de niños en la primera infancia para evaluar la relación entre la exposición excesiva y la presencia de psicopatología y preocupaciones parentales. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de coorte transversal realizado con 38 niños en la primera infancia de la Consulta Externa de Psiquiatría de la Niñez y Adolescencia y niños acompañados exclusivamente en consulta de Cuidados de Salud Primarios del área de referencia del Centro Hospitalario de Vila Nova de Gaia/ Espinho, Portugal. Las informaciones fueron recogidas por medio de cuestionario, rellenado por el cuidador, entre 1 de Octubre de 2018 y 30 de Junio de 2019. Resultados: El tiempo de pantalla fue analizado definiéndose dos grupos: H ­ tiempo de pantalla superior al recomendado; R ­ tiempo de pantalla dentro del recomendado por la Academia Americana de Pediatría. La necesidad de acompañamiento en consulta de psiquiatría infantil y las preocupaciones parentales relativas a alteraciones de comportamiento están significativamente asociadas con tiempo de pantalla, con mayor proporción en el grupo H (71,8%(n=15) vs. 31.3%(n=6), p=0.006 para la consulta de psiquiatría infantil y 61.1%(n=13) vs. 25%(n=4), p=0.032 para preocupaciones parentales). Existe aún una tendencia a un porcentaje más significativo de exceso de peso/obesidad, problemas de sueño y alimentarios en el grupo H. Solo 45% del total cumplió las recomendaciones relativas al tiempo de pantalla (valor de p≤0.05). Conclusión: Este trabajo demostró asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla superior al recomendado y presencia de psicopatología, como también preocupaciones parentales con alteraciones de comportamiento. Estos resultados presentan significancia estadística.

Calidad nutricional de los alimentos publicitados en canales privados de televisión abierta de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires / Nutritional quality of food advertised on private free-to-air television channels of Buenos Aires City

INTRODUCCIÓN: La industria alimentaria utiliza la televisión como medio para promocionar sus productos. El objetivo fue evaluar la frecuencia y la calidad nutricional de los alimentos publicitados en canales privados de televisión abierta en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se analizaron las publicidades de alimentos emitidas en los canales privados de televisión abierta. Se grabó la programación en días de semana y fin de semana de 8 a 20 horas durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La calidad nutricional se evaluó con el sistema de perfilado nutricional (SPN) utilizado en la Ley Nº 20606 de Chile. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 220 horas de programación. Se identificó un total de 484 publicidades de alimentos (12,8% de las publicidades), con una frecuencia de 2,2 anuncios por hora de programación. Las golosinas mostraron la mayor frecuencia (28% de los anuncios), seguidas por galletitas dulces (17%) y sopas deshidratadas (7%). De acuerdo con el SPN utilizado, el 55% de los alimentos superó el límite de energía, el 56% el de azúcares totales, el 57% el de grasas saturadas y el 20% el de sodio. DISCUSIÓN: Las publicidades de alimentos ocuparon una décima parte del espacio publicitario. Más de la mitad superó el límite de energía, azúcares totales y grasas saturadas según el sistema de perfilado chileno.

Análise da propaganda de medicamentos isentos de prescrição em TV aberta / Analysis of advertising of over-the-counter medicines on open TV

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as irregularidades da publicidade de medicamentos isentos de prescrição veiculada em mídia televisiva aberta. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, no qual duas emissoras da televisão aberta do Rio de Janeiro foram monitoradas durante sete meses. As 90 peças publicitárias coletadas foram transcritas e, posteriormente, analisadas frente à legislação vigente. Todas apresentavam alguma infração, com média de 3,6 infrações por peça. Os grupos farmacológicos mais frequentes foram os analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios, antigripais e antiácidos. Como observado por outros autores, os resultados evidenciam a deficiência no cumprimento da regulamentação e a fragilidade da fiscalização acerca da publicidade de medicamentos isentos de prescrição no Brasil, apontando para a necessidade de mudanças que priorizem a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.

The objective of this study was to analyze the advertising irregularities of over-the-counter medicines in open television media. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which two open television stations in Rio de Janeiro were monitored for seven months. The 90 pieces of advertising collected were transcribed and, later, analyzed under the current legislation. All had some infraction, with an average of 3.6 infractions per piece. The most frequent pharmacological groups were analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antiflu and antacids. As observed by other authors, the results show the deficiency in the compliance with the regulations and the fragility of the supervision regarding the advertising of over-the-counter medicines in Brazil, pointing to the need for changes that prioritize the promotion of rational use of medicines

Fatores determinantes no tempo de tela de crianças na primeira infância / Determining factors in children's screen time in early childhood

Resumo O uso de mídias por crianças na primeira infância está cada vez mais habitual, o que torna necessário investigar os fatores determinantes para o tempo de tela, entendido como o tempo total pelo qual a criança permanece exposta a todas as telas, incluindo televisão e mídias interativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 180 crianças, entre 24 a 42 meses de idade, alocadas em: Grupo 1, exposição à tela inferior a duas horas/dia; Grupo 2, exposição à tela igual/superior a duas horas/dia. Realizou-se análise bivariada e de regressão logística binária. Os fatores determinantes no tempo de tela estudados foram os recursos do ambiente familiar, investigado por meio do Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar; fatores socioeconômicos; estado nutricional e status do desenvolvimento infantil, mensurado pelo teste Bayley III. Como resultado verificou-se que 63% das crianças apresentaram tempo de tela superior a 2 horas/dia e que a televisão ainda é a principal responsável pela exposição das crianças às telas. Observou-se que o tempo de exposição à tela esteve positivamente associado aos recursos familiares, nível econômico e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Entretanto, apenas os dois últimos fatores explicaram o maior tempo de tela.

Abstract The use of media by children in early childhood is increasingly common, and it is necessary to investigate the determinants of screen time, which is understood as the total child screen exposure time, including television and interactive media. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study conducted with 180 children between 24 and 42 months of age, allocated in Group 1, less than two hours daily screen exposure time; Group 2, daily screen exposure time equal to or more than two hours. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Screen time determining factors studied were family environment, evaluated with the Family Environment Resource Inventory; socioeconomic factors; nutritional status and child development status, evaluated with the Bayley III test. As a result, 63% of children had daily screen time exceeding two hours, and television still is the main culprit for children screen exposure. We observed that screen time exposure was positively associated with family resources, economic level, and language development. However, only the last two factors explained the longer screen time.

A construção televisiva do MMA: o programa TUF Brasil e o processo de humanização do lutador / The television construction of MMA: the TUF Brasil program and the fighter's humanization process / La construcción televisiva del MMA: el programa TUF Brasil y el proceso de humanización del luchador

RESUMO As artes marciais mistas (MMA) são um esporte criado e modificado em associação com a mídia, cujo principal expoente são os eventos do UFC. O objetivo foi descrever e analisar o programa televisivo The Ultimate Fighter (TUF) Brasil. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso que empregou uma etnografia de tela, de forma a descrever e interpretar sentidos ali produzidos. A análise do reality show TUF Brasil construiu três categorias: o programa, estrutura e regras; as técnicas, treinos, lutas e estratégias de esportivização; e os dramas pessoais/familiares e o processo de "humanização" do lutador. O programa impulsiona o processo de esportivização do MMA ao aliar elementos técnico-táticos das lutas com narrativas e dramas dos sujeitos.

ABSTRACT Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a sport created and modified in association with the media, whose main exponent are UFC. The objective was to describe and analyze The Ultimate Fighter (TUF) Brazil. The research was characterized as a case study that used screen ethnography, in order to describe and interpret meanings. The analysis of TUF Brasil built three categories: the program, structure and rules; techniques, training, fights and sportization strategies; and the personal/family dramas and the "humanization" process of the fighter. The program boosts the sportization process of MMA by combining technical-tactical elements of the contests with the subjects' narratives and dramas.

RESUMEN Las artes marciales mixtas (MMA) son un deporte creado y modificado en asociación con medios de comunicación, cuyo principal exponente es el UFC. El objetivo fue describir y analizar el programa de televisión The Ultimate Fighter (TUF) Brasil. La investigación se caracterizó como estudio de caso que utilizó la etnografía en pantalla, con el fin de describir e interpretar los significados. El análisis construyó tres categorías: el programa, la estructura y las reglas; técnicas, entrenamientos, luchas y estrategias de deportización; y los dramas personales/familiares y el proceso de "humanización" del luchador. El programa impulsa el proceso de deportización de MMA al combinar elementos técnico-tácticos de las luchas con las narrativas y dramas de los sujetos.

COVID-19 Pandemic: health professionals' perception about the assistance mentioned in television media / Pandemia de COVID-19: percepción de los profesionales de salud sobre la asistencia aludida en medio televisivo / Pandemia da COVID-19: percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a assistência aludida em mídia televisiva

ABSTRACT Objective: Exhibit the health professionals' perception about the assistance provided during the COVID-19 pandemic mentioned television media. Methods: Qualitative study developed after analysis of the videos with a testimonial from practitioners assisting patients with COVID-19, presented by the series "Inside Here" (in Portuguese, "Aqui Dentro"), of Globo TV News Jornal Nacional, broadcasted in 2020. Textual data was processed by the software IRAMUTEQ with descending hierarchical classification and content analysis, having the theoretical framework as the psychodynamics of Dejours' study. Results: Three categories emerged: work overload in assisting; subjective mobilization of health professionals; strategies to face in assisting. Final considerations: We verified the physical and psychic work overload during the assistance, but there was a concern to ensure a humanized care. Despite the difficulties faced, the recovery and discharge from patients generated motivation and satisfaction in front of the COVID-19 scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Desvelar la percepción de profesionales de salud sobre la asistencia prestada durante la pandemia de COVID-19, aludida en medio televisivo. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo desarrollado después de análisis de vídeos con deposiciones de profesionales actuantes en la asistencia a pacientes con COVID-19, presentados por el cuadro "Aquí dentro", del Periódico Nacional de la Rede Globo de Televisión, transmitidos en 2020. Datos textuales fueron procesados por software IRAMUTEQ con clasificación jerárquica descendente y análisis de contenido, siendo el referencial teórico, la psicodinámica del trabajo de Dejours. Resultados: Emergieron tres categorías: Sobrecarga de trabajo en prestación de asistencia; Movilización subjetiva de profesionales de salud; Estrategias para enfrentamiento en prestación de asistencia. Consideraciones finales: Verificó la sobrecarga de trabajo físico y psíquico durante la asistencia, pero con preocupación en garantizar cuidado humanizado. Aunque las dificultades enfrentadas, la recuperación y alta de los pacientes generaron motivación y satisfacción frente al escenario de COVID19.

RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a assistência prestada durante a pandemia da COVID-19, aludida em mídia televisiva. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido após análise de vídeos com depoimentos de profissionais atuantes na assistência a pacientes com COVID-19, apresentados pelo quadro "Aqui dentro", do Jornal Nacional da Rede Globo de Televisão, transmitidos em 2020. Os dados textuais foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ com classificação hierárquica descendente e análise de conteúdo, sendo o referencial teórico, a psicodinâmica do trabalho de Dejours. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias: Sobrecarga de trabalho na prestação da assistência; Mobilização subjetiva dos profissionais de saúde; Estratégias para enfrentamento na prestação da assistência. Considerações finais: Verificou-se a sobrecarga de trabalho físico e psíquico durante a assistência, mas com preocupação em garantir cuidado humanizado. Apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas, a recuperação e alta dos pacientes geraram motivação e satisfação diante do cenário da COVID-19.

Os desertos de Breaking Bad: sobre as novas séries televisivas e o mal-estar na cultura / Les déserts de Breaking Bad: sur la nouvelle série télévisée et le malaise dans la culture / Los desiertos de Breaking Bad: sobre las nuevas series televisivas y el malestar en la cultura / The deserts of Breaking Bad: on new television series and the malaise in culture

Resumo As séries televisivas têm ocupado cada vez mais espaço na cultura, de forma que seus conteúdos incidem significativamente nas subjetividades. Este estudo aborda as séries dramáticas desta nova era da televisão, iniciada há aproximadamente duas décadas. Atenta-se para certo mal-estar evocado por essas obras, até então incomum na programação televisiva. Toma-se a série Breaking Bad como objeto de análise delimitado e utiliza-se como referencial a pesquisa psicanalítica, que olha para o cinema enquanto linguagem singular. Neste artigo são abordados os resultados obtidos a partir da articulação da série analisada ao conceito freudiano de mal-estar na cultura. Dessas reflexões, destaca-se a dimensão espacial, que é explorada em profusão pela obra audiovisual por meio de recursos formais e que aparece de forma propícia a evocar a questão do mal-estar.

Résumé Les séries télévisées occupent de plus en plus d'espace dans la culture et leurs contenus ont influencés considérablement les subjectivités. Cette étude porte sur les séries dramatiques de cette nouvelle ère de la télévision, qui a débuté il y a environ deux décennies. On souligne le malaise suscité par ces œuvres, jusqu'alors rares dans la programmation télévisuelle. Pour délimiter l'objet de l'analyse, nous prenons l'un d'entre eux - Breaking Bad -, et utilise la recherche psychanalytique, qui considère le cinéma comme une langage singulière, en tant que référence. Cet article traite des résultats obtenus à partir de l'articulation de la série analysé au concept Freudien de malaise dans la culture. De ces réflexions, la dimension spatiale est mise en évidence, exploitée à profusion par l'œuvre à travers des ressources formelles y présent et apparaît de manière propice pour évoquer la question du malaise.

Resumen Las series televisivas vienen ocupando cada vez más espacio en la cultura y sus contenidos inciden de modo significativo en las subjetividades. Este estudio trata las series dramáticas de esta nueva era de la televisión, que se inicia hace aproximadamente dos décadas. Se atenta para cierto malestar evocado por esas obras, hasta entonces inusual en la programación televisiva. Para delimitar el objeto de análisis se toma Breaking Bad; y se utiliza como referencial la investigación psicoanalítica que piensa el cine desde un lenguaje singular. En este artículo se abordan los resultados obtenidos a partir de la articulación al concepto freudiano de malestar en la cultura. De estas reflexiones, se destaca la dimensión espacial, que es explotada en profusión por medio de recursos formales presentes en la obra y que aparece de forma propicia al evocar la cuestión del malestar.

Abstract The role played by television series within culture have become increasingly prominent over the past two decades, with their contents significantly influencing subjectivities. This study addresses dramatic series of this new television era based on the discontents arose from these works - hitherto uncommon in television programming. For that, the show Breaking Bad was analyzed under the psychoanalytic interpretation that approaches the cinema as a singular language, articulating the TV show with the Freudian concept of Malaise in culture. Of these reflections, the audiovisual work intensively exploits the spatial dimension through formal resources, figuring in a way to evoke the issue of malaise.

Una experiencia de orientación desde el Telecentro de Pinar del Río / An orientation experience from the Pinar del Río Telecentre

RESUMEN • Introducción: La investigación responde a la necesidad de ampliar y diversificar la orientación psicológica que se ofrece a la población pinareña a través del medio televisivo, con énfasis en las familias que se encuentran inmersas en situaciones de emigración. Objetivo: diseñar el programa televisivo Conversemos, como propuesta de orientación psicológica dirigida a familias en situaciones de emigración, para contribuir a su funcionamiento adecuado. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que combinó elementos descriptivos y explicativos, con la aplicación de los métodos histórico-lógico, modelación, sistémico estructural, entrevista, encuesta y análisis documental. Se desarrolló un diagnóstico en la televisión de Pinar del Río Resultados: se corroboró que la motivación de los implicados hacia el tema de la familia en situaciones de emigración fue adecuada, no así la satisfacción con su tratamiento actual, la cual se manifestó baja. El conocimiento en los especialistas fue elevado, limitado en los directivos y la teleaudiencia. Se diseñó el programa televisivo Conversemos, para ofrecer a la teleaudiencia pinareña un espacio de orientación que desarrollara habilidades y recursos para afrontar exitosamente la problemática migratoria. Conclusión: la orientación psicológica que se ofrecía en la televisión pinareña hacia la familia en situaciones de emigración, resultó insuficiente. Se evidenció elevada motivación hacia el tema por parte de la teleaudiencia y los especialistas, quienes poseen conocimiento adecuado sobre el tema, limitado por parte de la teleaudiencia y los directivos del telecentro, lo que determinó niveles bajos de satisfacción en todos los implicados.

ABSTRACT • Introduction: the research responds to the need to broaden and diversify the psychological counseling offered to the population of Pinar del Río through television, with emphasis on families that are in situations of immigration. Objective: to design the television program Conversemos (Let's Talk), as a proposal of psychological counseling directed to families in situations of immigration, in order to contribute to family satisfactory functioning. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out that combined descriptive and explanatory elements, with the application of historical-logical methods, modeling, structural-systemic, interview, survey and documentary analysis. A diagnosis was developed in the telecenter of Pinar del Río province, Cuba. Results: it was corroborated that the motivation of those involved on the subject of family in situations of immigration was satisfactory, but not the satisfaction with its current treatment, which was low. Knowledge level of the specialists was high, but the level of knowledge of the directors and the audience was limited. The TV-program Let's Talk was designed to offer to Pinar del Río audience a space for counseling that would develop skills and resources to cope successfully with the immigration problem. Conclusion: the psychological counseling offered by Pinar del Río telecenter to the family in situations of immigration was insufficient. There was a high level of motivation towards the subject on the part of the audience and the specialists, who had adequate knowledge on the subject, but limited level of knowledge on the part of the audience and the directors of the telecenter, which determined low levels of satisfaction in all people involved.

Exploration and practice of applying discussion-based film and television appreciation to the cultivation of medical professionalism / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In view of the lack of teaching methods in the cultivation of medical professionalism, this paper puts forward some important strategies for improving medical students' professionalism through discussion-based film and television appreciation. High-quality discussion-based film and television appreciation can be designed according to the four links of film selection, concentrated viewing, independent discussion and summary feedback. At the same time, in practice, attention should be paid to three key issues: selecting appropriate films, ensuring the quality and depth of discussion, and paying attention to feedback and evaluation. Practice has proved that discussion-based film and television appreciation makes the cultivation of professionalism more attractive, and can promote the professional knowledge and professional spirit, enhance students' professional enthusiasm, promote the understanding of the connotation of professionalism and reflection on related issues. Medical colleges should continue to improve the design of film viewing in practice, so as to help students better absorb humanistic nutrients from the discussion and enhance the teaching effect of professionalism.

Association between socioeconomic status and prolonged television viewing time in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010

BACKGROUND@#It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentary behaviors that is harmful to health; however, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prolonged TV viewing time has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan.@*METHODS@#The study population are the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2752 adults. SES was classified according to the employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Prolonged TV viewing time was defined as more than or equal to 4 h of TV viewing per day. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES with prolonged TV viewing time.@*RESULTS@#The mean TV viewing time was 2.92 h in all participants. Of 2752 participants, 809 (29.4%) prolonged TV viewing, and the mean TV viewing time of them was 5.61 h. The mean TV viewing time in participants without prolonged TV viewing time was 1.81 h. The mean TV viewing time was prolonged as age classes increased and significantly longer in aged ≥60 years. Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with not working for all age classes and sexes. Only among women, education attainment and living status were also associated with prolonged TV viewing time. For education attainment, the lower the received years of education, the higher odds ratios (OR) of prolonged TV viewing time. For living status, in women aged <60 years, living with others had a significantly higher OR compared to living with spouse. On the other hand, in women aged ≥60 years, living alone had a significantly higher OR. EHE did not have any significant associations with prolonged TV viewing time.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In a general Japanese population, it should be noted that the association between SES and prolonged TV viewing time differed by age and sex. Particularly, it must draw attention to the prolonged TV viewing in elderly. The intervention in order to shorten TV viewing time needs to consider these attributes.